Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. Delousing facilities in Auschwitz. Many Jewish inmates had played in orchestras before, therefore it was not too difficult to form a camp orchestra in Westerbork. Washington, DC 20024-2126 [16], "Westerbork" redirects here. The Dutch government established a camp at Westerbork in October 1939 to intern Jewish refugees who had entered the Netherlands illegally. She died there three months later.[6]. The Westerbork camp was situated in the northeastern part of the Netherlands in the Dutch province of Drenthe, near the towns of Westerbork and Assen. 1941. It would be the last train to Auschwitz. During World War II, the Nazis took over the camp a… [5][6] Hillesum stayed at Westerbork until September 7, 1943, when she was deported to Auschwitz. 28 = AA0032 A list of 68 persons sent to Westerbork concentration camp from an unidentified place on June 6, 1943. Established by the Dutch government in the summer of 1939, Camp Westerbork was meant to serve as a refugee camp for Jews who had illegally entered the Netherlands. WW2 Prison Camp Becomes Reality I could speak Dutch, Kamp Westerbork may have been rated excellent. Between July 1942, and September 1943, approximately 110,00 Jewish people passed through the two camps. The camp of Westerbork was situated about 15 km from the village of Westerbork. The First Concentration Camp. In 1941 it had a population of 1,100 Jewish refugees, mostly from Germany. Camp Westerbork (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork, German: Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a transit camp in Drenthe province, northeastern Netherlands, during World War II. Westerbork Concentration Camp~ last stop on Dutch soil for transports before death camps. Erich Deppner was appointed camp commandant and Westerbork's role as a transit camp for deportations to the east began, with deportation trains leaving every Tuesday. Jona Oberski wrote of his experience as a small child at Westerbork in his book, Kinderjaren ("Childhood"), published in the Netherlands in 1978 and later made into the film, Jonah Who Lived in the Whale. The Germans encouraged "normal" activities by this group, including metalwork, health services work, and cultural activities. Westerbork, the Netherlands, October 1942. He was known for his brutality against Jewish inmates, kicking inmates to death. Find the perfect westerbork concentration camp stock photo. Presser also published a novel, The Night of the Girondins, which was set in Westerbork. The following month, Anne Frank would be transferred from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. [1] Established by the Dutch government in the summer of 1939, Camp Westerbork was meant to serve as a refugee camp for Jews who had illegally entered the Netherlands. Camp Westerbork was utilized as a staging ground for the deportation of Jews. Various reliable sources report that this last train from Westerbork making the three-day journey to Auschwitz also had on board Anne Frank and her family. This camp had been opened by the Dutch authorities during the summer 1939 in order to receive the Jewish refugees coming from Germany. [1], Camp Westerbork also had a school, orchestra, hairdresser, and even restaurants designed by SS officials to give inmates a false sense of hope for survival and to aid in avoiding problems during transportation. Single inmates were placed in oblong b… However, from 1951 to 1971, former indigenous Moluccan KNIL soldiers and their families were made to stay in the camp. In particular, the departure of a train out of the Nazi transit camp of Westerbork in the Netherlands exactly 69 years ago to the day. The Zoo at Buchenwald concentration camp. Holder of Originals NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies. On 1 July 1942 Refugee camp Westerbork officially became Transit camp Westerbork sending 104,000 Dutch and German Jews and 250 Dutch Sinti and Roma making use of the regular rail service, mostly freightcars, to their death in extermination camps in Poland. [3] Within the confines of the camp, German SS commanders were in charge of inmates, but squads of Jewish police and security were used to keep order and aid in transport, as noted above.[11]. Westerbork ('Durchgangslager Westerbork' in German) was not an official concentration camp, but a transit camp. The camp continued to function after the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940. (ID: 23785) Applications By Holocaust Survivors Claiming American Citizenship (ID: 20727) Arad Census - 1942 (ID: 20820) [2] The War Diary of the South Saskatchewan Regiment referenced the camp in its entry for April 12, 1945: Following the war, Westerbork was first used as a remand prison for alleged and accused Nazi collaborators, and later housed Dutch nationals who fled the former Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). Camp Westerbork was different than most camps we know of. Information consists of name, date of birth and date of death. Torture or ill treatment of the prisoners was not common practice in Westerbork. There was work, education, schools for the children and means for relaxation. Camp Westerbork was different than most camps we know of. She had learned about the war and the persecution of the Jews from the helpers and from radio broadcasts. Theatre at Westerbork concentration camp. - US Holocaust Memorial Museum ( See archival information ). [1], Notable prisoners in Westerbork included Anne Frank, who was transported to Camp Westerbork on August 4, 1944[4] and Etty Hillesum, each of whom wrote of their experiences in diaries discovered after the war. Established by the Dutch government in the summer of 1939, Camp Westerbork was meant to serve as a refugee camp for Jews who had illegally entered the Netherlands. In early April 1945, as Allied troops approached the camp, the Germans abandoned Westerbork. Etty Hillesum's letters, some of which were smuggled secretly out of the Westerbork transit camp, are a unique literary document from the Holocaust. One such deportee was the Roma girl Settela, held to be in fact Jewish until the discovery of her identity in a recent analysis of the Westerbork footage (a unique 90 minutes film documenting the transports and the conventions of a Nazi concentration camp), captured by the German-Jewish filmmaker Rudolf Breslauer. 29 = AA0036 A list of 208 Jews who came out of hiding after the war in Leeuwarden. Camp Westerbork in the north-east of the Netherlands has a turbulent past. [2] Later, the Dutch built the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, a large radio telescope, on the site. [10], German authorities took control of Westerbork from the Dutch government on July 1, 1942. Hier wordt het verhaal over het leven van slachtoffers en overlevenden verteld. This camp had been opened by the Dutch authorities during the summer 1939 in order to receive the Jewish refugees coming from Germany. Legal Status Permanent Collection. Established by the Dutch government in the summer of 1939, Camp Westerbork was meant to serve as a refugee camp for Jews who had illegally entered the Netherlands. Kamp Westerbork: Westerbork Concentration Camp~ last stop on Dutch soil for transports before death camps - See 528 traveller reviews, 716 candid photos, and great deals for Hooghalen, The Netherlands, at Tripadvisor. It was the final transport from the Westerbork transit camp to the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. The Dutch government originally set up the camp in 1939 to accommodate Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, but, after the Germans conquered the Netherlands in July 1940, Westerbork functioned as a transit camp where Jewish inmates performed forced labour before shipment east to other concentration camps or extermination camps. The Westerbork transit camp (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork, German: Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a World War II Nazi refugee, detention and transit camp in Hooghalen, ten kilometres (6.2 miles) north of Westerbork, in the northeastern Netherlands.Its function during the Second World War was to assemble Romani and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps. The major purpose of the earliest concentration camps during the 1930s was to incarcerate and intimidate the leaders of political, social, and cultural movements that the Nazis perceived to be a threat to the survival of the regime. Select from premium Westerbork Concentration Camp of the highest quality. The Westerbork camp was situated in the northeastern part of the Netherlands in the Dutch province of Drenthe, near the towns of Westerbork and Assen. This camp had been opened by the Dutch authorities during the summer 1939 in order to receive the Jewish refugees coming from Germany. USHMM (08049), courtesy of Toni Heller. Westerbork (Netherlands : Concentration camp); usage: Westerbork, Transit Camp Westerbork, Kamp Westerbork; Nazi Transit Camp Westerbork) found : NUCMC data from Holocaust Center of Northern Calif. for Jakobowitz family papers, 1943-1945 (collection contains materials from KZ Westerbork) Westerbork was established in 1939 as a camp for Jewish refugees from Germany. Transports came to a halt at Camp Westerbork in September 1944. Theatre at Westerbork concentration camp. [1][2], Camp Westerbork was utilized as a staging ground for the deportation of Jews. [2] Cultural activities provided by the Nazis for designated deportees included metalwork, jobs in health services, and other cultural activities. [6] Even after being labeled a Jew, Hillesum began to report on antisemitic policies. ... Eisenhower Letter On 10th Anniversary of Liberation of Concentration Camps . Some executions took … Legal Status Permanent Collection. Westerbork Concentration Camp Westerbork was the main transit camp used by the Germans during their occupation of Holland to send people--mostly Jews--to the death camps in Poland. [4], Etty Hillesum was able to avoid the Nazi dragnet that identified Jews until April 1942. Until July 1942, Westerbork was a refugee camp for Jews who had moved illegally to the Netherlands. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. Single inmates were placed in oblong barracks which contained a bathroom for each sex. Westerbork concentration camp was, ironically, constructed by the Dutch government in 1939 as a haven for a tidal wave of German Jews fleeing the rising tide of antisemitism in Germany and the ultimate grasping of power by the Nazis which precipitated World War II. Some people who had collaborated with French, Algerian, and Dutch militaries were evacuated, because they were the subject of anger by the other indigenous people who had resisted colonization and felt betrayed at the Moluccan peoples siding with their colonizers. A map of the Westerbork transit camp. The first refugees arrived in Westerbork on October 9th, 1939. She took a job with Judenrat for two weeks and then volunteered to accompany the first group of Jews sent to Westerbork. The second, smaller, concentration camp in Holland was Vught. Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. The Westerbork camp had a "double life." [15], In 2017, films commissioned by the German camp commander Albert Gemmeker from a Jewish prisoner, Rudolf Breslauer, to document everyday life in the Westerbork transit camp, were submitted by the Netherlands and included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. In 1939, the Dutch government erected a refugee camp, Centraal Vluchtelingenkamp Westerbork, financed, ironically, partly by Dutch Jewry, in order to absorb fleeing Jews from Nazi Germany. Amazingly, there behind the walls and barbed wire, Max Ehrlich formed a theater troupe composed of fellow prisoners - the majority of them also famous Jewish show business personalities - and produced high quality … Goldstein Thanks Eisenhower For Letter On Anniversary of Liberation . In the end, however, most of the "permanent" inmates were also sent to the concentration camps and death camps. Information consists of name, and date of birth. Jewish inmates with families were housed in 200 interconnected cottages that contained two rooms, a toilet, a hot plate for cooking, and a small yard. Provenance Source of acquisition is the Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie, NIOD, (Netherlands Institute for War Documentation), Fond 250i. Online theatre evening and studio discussion with actress Bettina Buchholz, director Johannes Neuhauser and theologian Helmut Außerwöger on the letters of the Dutch Jewess Etty Hillesum. [5] Anne remained at the camp in a small hut until September 3, when she was deported to Auschwitz. Westerbork (Concentration camp) Administrative History. Holder of Originals NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies. "Jodenvervolging: Nationaal Monument Westerbork", Cabaret Behind Barbed Wire: Max Ehrlich & the Westerbork Theater Group, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westerbork_transit_camp&oldid=1003952868, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2019, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Westerbork, Judendurchgangslager Westerbork, This page was last edited on 31 January 2021, at 13:49. Camps … Westerbork was a detention and transit camp during the Second World War. [2] Most of these 2,000 "permanent" inmates were eventually sent to concentration or death camps themselves. Life-saving gas chambers. T he camp of Westerbork was situated about 15 km from the village of Westerbork. The Dutch government established a camp at Westerbork in October 1939 to intern Jewish refugees who had entered the Netherlands illegally. Westerbork became officially a "transit camp" (Durchgangslager Westerbork). The results were published fifteen years later in The Catastrophe (De Ondergang). He and his parents, sister and two brothers were sent to a Dutch concentration camp at Westerbork, then transferred to another camp. westerbork Its function was to assemble Roma and Dutch Jews for transport to other camps. Westerbork was a concentration camp in Drenthe in the Netherlands. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Johnny & Jones - Westerbork Serenade (1944).wmv Well over 100,000 Dutch Jews and Roma were assembled here for transport to other concentration camps. Westerbork was considered by Nazi standards as “humane”. Kids in the sand pit at Sered concentration camp. The first Nazi concentration camp was Dachau, established in March 1933, near Munich. While most inmates stayed in the camp for only short periods of time before being deported, there was also a "permanent" camp population of 2,000 people, mostly German Jews, Jewish council members, camp employees, and certain other categories of persons exempt from deportation. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The Jewish refugees were housed after they had tried in vain to escape Nazi terror in their homeland. Goldstein Thanks Eisenhower For Letter On Anniversary of Liberation . In these camps the Germans imprisoned Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, disabled people, prisoners of war, members of the resistance and dissenters. The Zoo at Buchenwald concentration camp. The Westerbork concentration camp (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork, German: Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a World War II Nazi refugee, detention and transit camp in Hooghalen, ten kilometres north of Westerbork, in the northeastern Netherlands. Find the perfect Westerbork Concentration Camp stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. [9], Jacques Schol, a Dutchman, was commander of the camp from July 16 1940 and until January 1943. The first train arrived on July 15th and left the camp on July 16th with 1,135 of the first selected Jews. Between 1942 and 1945 the German occupying authorities moved over 100,000 Dutch Jews, a few hundred Roma and Sinti and dozens of Dutch resistance fighters to this relatively isolated place. Camp Westerbork also housed German film actress and cabaret singer Dora Gerson, who was interned there with her family before being sent to Auschwitz, and Professor Sir William Asscher, who survived the camp when his mother secured his family's release by fabricating English ancestry. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland. Westerbork was a concentration camp in Drenthe in the Netherlands. Westerbork was considered by Nazi standards as “humane”. It would be the last train, carrying Dutch Jews to Nazi gas chambers, to leave the miserable camp. The Westerbork transit camp (Dutch language: Kamp Westerbork, German language: Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a World War II Nazi refugee, detention and transit camp in Hooghalen, ten kilometres north of Westerbork, in the northeastern Netherlands.Its function during the Second World War was to assemble Roma and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps. westerbork Its function during the Second World War was to assemble Roma and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps. In the wake of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, it came to serve as a transit camp from which over 100,000 Jews, resistance fighters, Sinti and Roma were deported to the Nazi extermination camps. Year-old train cars from the Deutsche Reichsbahn can be seen on Dutch Armed Forces vehicles in … Year-old train cars from the Deutsche Reichsbahn can be seen on Dutch Armed Forces vehicles in … It was the final transport from the Westerbork transit camp to the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. On July 14th, 1942, all the Jews were examined by the SS in order to determine who was able to work or not. Westerbork concentration camp (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork, German: Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a World War II Nazi refugee, detention and transit camp in Hooghalen, ten kilometres north of Westerbork, in the northeastern Netherlands.Its function during the Second World War was to assemble Roma and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps. The camp of Westerbork was situated about 15 km from the village of Westerbork. On 15 December 1938, the Dutch government closed its border to refugees. Most of those deported to Auschwitz and Sobibor were killed upon arrival. Camp Westerbork was a transit camp in Drenthe province, northeastern Netherlands, during World War II. It’s outside the small Drenthe town of Beilen, which is one train stop south of Assen. [7][circular reference] The published interview in Dutch and English became the basis for a docudrama created in September 2019. The first refugees arrived in Westerbork on October 9, 1939. Rauter's SS also managed the Kamp Westerbork (polizeiliches Durchgangslager Westerbork), the place from which some 110,000 Dutch Jews were deported to Nazi concentration and extermination camps, mainly Auschwitz and Sobibor. It was used by the Nazis in World War II . Today there is a museum and a few monuments of remembrance to those transported and killed during World War II. After the Nazi conquest of Holland, it was expanded it into a transit camp, where it operated until April 1944. 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